-Average annual rainfall 1981-2022
-(Botswana Meteorological Services)
-Indicates the level of water stresses
-Average annual dry days 1981-2022
- High number of dry days indicates high climate risk
-Change in average annual rainfall 1990-2022. CV = δ/µ, where δ is the standard deviation and µ mean of annual rainfall between 1981-2022.
-A high CV of rainfall indicates low rainfall predictability and uneven distribution of rainfall
-Change in average annual temperature 1981-2022
-Change in mean temperature increases heat or cold stresses
-Weight for climate variable based on variability. Principal Component Analysis was used to assign the weight for each variable
-ntegration of climate risk variables based on their assigned weights. A high value indicates high climate risk
-The area under crop and grass/pasture lands
-(Botswana Sentinel 2 Land Use Land Cover data. Available here)
- Agriculture is a climate-sensitive sector. More land under agriculture becomes more sensitive to climate risk
-Percent of women own agricultural land (based on legal status)
-(Agriculture Survey 2019 Statistics Botswana)
-More % women own climate-sensitive sectors they become more sensitive to climate risk
-Percent of women holding croplands
- More % of women holding climate-sensitive crop lands makes them more sensitive to climate risk
-Percent of women holding livestock
- More % of women holding climate-sensitive livestock production makes them more sensitive to climate risk
-The total value of agriculture production (crop, livestock, and other products)
-More GDP contribution from the agriculture sector become more sensitive to climate risk
-Female households experience climate change shocks
-More female households experience climate shocks indicate more females are sensitive to climate change
-Income gap between women and men
-(DHS, GlobalDataLab)
-High-income gap led to less ability to invest in climate change adaptation
-Education gap between women and men
- High education gap led to low awareness and adoption of climate-smart interventions
-Health gap between women and men
-High health gap led low ability to invest labor in adaptation activities
-Agriculture households’ access to ICT services
-High access to ICT helps increase access to climate and market information
-Agriculture households’ access to weather forecast
-High access to weather forecasts helps better planning for climate adaptation
-Percentage of households where women are aware of climate change shocks
-A high level of awareness of CC shocks indicates adaptation planning capacity for climate change adaptation
-Agriculture households’ access to the reliable water source
-Agriculture households’ access to the reliable water source (Agriculture Survey 2019 Statistics Botswana)
-Better reliable water supply helps reduce drought conditions
-The total amount of renewable freshwater available to a sub-basin includes surface flow, interflow, and groundwater recharge (cm/year).
-[Aqueduct (World Resources Institute). Available here.]
-The amount available water for different purposes (e.g. agriculture, domestic, and industrial uses) determines the level of water stress
-Gross demand is the maximum potential water required to meet sectoral demands. Sectoral water demand includes domestic, industrial, irrigation, and livestock (cm/year).
-[Aqueduct (World Resources Institute). Available here]
-A high level of water demand indicates a high level of sensitivity to CC
-Total women population
-(Population and Housing Census 2022, Statistics Botswana)
- More number of women become sensitive to changes in water supply in a location with a large women's population
-gh education gap led low awareness and adoption of climate-smart interventions
-climate-smart interventions
-Are under different types of forest
-(Botswana Sentinel 2 Land Use Land Cover data. Available here.)
- More area under forest more water regulation
-(Population Census 2022 Statistics Botswana)
-Total protected area by recreational category
-( Botswana Sentinel 2 Land Use Land Cover data. Available here.)
-Park and recreational areas is a climate-sensitive sector. More land under parks and recreational areas more becomes sensitive to climate risk
-Total water demand in the recreational area
-Total wildlife aggregated using livestock standard unit (LSU)
(Aerial Survey of Wildlife in Botswana 2018, Department of Wildlife and National Park)
- More wildlife in the park and recreational areas more sensitive to climate change
-High education gap led low awareness and adoption of climate-smart interventions
-More area under forest better ecosystem services that support climate change adaptation